Moral entitlements and aspiration formation in asymmetric bargaining: Experimental evidence from Germany and China

Artikel

Using a unique experimental data set, we investigate how asymmetric legal rights shape bargainers' aspiration levels through moral entitlements derived from equity norms and number prominence. Aspiration formation is typically hard to observe in real life. Our study involves 15 negotiations from Germany and China. Over the course of the negotiation, bargainers discuss the distribution of an amount of money by alternating offers until they consent or break off. Legal rights are randomly assigned by asymmetric outside options. We videotape and code the in-group discussions. In total, verbal data from 30 groups, 1100 pages of transcripts, and 65 h of discussions are content-analyzed. Our main finding is that strong groups derive and defend moral entitlements from equity concerns with regard to their outside options. They strive for equitable but unequal distributions (e.g., proportional split and split the difference). Moral entitlements materialize in the recorded aspiration levels and final payoffs, which exceed the equal split. By contrast, weak groups aim at equality. Over the course of the negotiation, equity tends to lose, while the prominence of round numbers gains importance. Similarities between the subject pools are found in that equity and prominence are both decisive for the formation of aspiration levels. Chinese negotiations are characterized by long periods of stagnation, only minimal concessions, and the communication of false goals. By contrast, Germans steadily reduce their goals and make concessions.

Angaben zum Objekt

• Sprache: Englisch

Verweise und Beziehungen

• Erschienen in: Journal: Games ; ISSN: 2073-4336 ; Volume: 8 ; Year: 2017 ; Issue: 4 ; Pages: 1-25 ; Basel: MDPI

Klassifikation und Themen

• Klassifikation: Wirtschaft ; Noncooperative Games ; Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory ; Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access ; Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior ; Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement ; Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions ; International Economic Order and Integration ; Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East ; Comparative Studies of Countries ; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification
• Thema: bargaining ; asymmetry ; moral entitlements ; aspiration levels ; equity principle ; prominence ; fairness ; video experiment ; cultural comparison

Beteiligte, Orts- und Zeitangaben

• Ereignis: Geistige Schöpfung
• (wer): Hennig-Schmidt, Heike ; Walkowitz, Gari
• Ereignis: Veröffentlichung
• (wer): MDPI
• (wo): Basel
• (wann): 2017

Weitere Informationen

• DOI: doi:10.3390/g8040044
• Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/179154
• Letzte Aktualisierung: 10.03.2025, 11:42 MEZ