The economic costs of war by other means

Bericht

Military interventions and economic sanctions are increasingly seen as strategic substitutes for achieving national and global security objectives, both impose economic costs. We quantify the lower bound of the costs of sanctions using a gravity model of international trade and a general equilibrium simulation model. We find that sanctions amount to a loss in GDP of about 34 billion USD in 2019/2020 for the sanctioning NATO countries collectively, but the costs of sanctions are very unevenly distributed. No other country contributes as much as Germany (8.1 billion USD), while the costs for the US amount to 2.6 billion USD. Accounting for sanctions, countries' contributions to global security as a share of GDP are closer to the 2% NATO target than a narrow focus on military expenditure alone would suggest. Hence, there is less free-riding than some observers suspect.

Angaben zum Objekt

• Sprache: Englisch

Verweise und Beziehungen

• Erschienen in: Series: Kiel Policy Brief ; No. 147

Klassifikation und Themen

• Klassifikation: Wirtschaft
• Thema: sanctions ; NATO ; trade policy ; global security ; Sanktionen ; NATO ; Handelspolitik ; globale Sicherheit

Beteiligte, Orts- und Zeitangaben

• Ereignis: Geistige Schöpfung
• (wer): Chowdhry, Sonali ; Felbermayr, Gabriel ; Hinz, Julian ; Kamin, Katrin ; Jacobs, Anna-Katharina ; Mahlkow, Hendrik
• Ereignis: Veröffentlichung
• (wer): Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
• (wo): Kiel
• (wann): 2020

Weitere Informationen

• Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/225500
• Letzte Aktualisierung: 10.03.2025, 11:42 MEZ