Arbeitspapier
Employment Effects of Payroll Tax Subsidies
This paper exploits several reforms of wage subsidies in the framework of the German Minijob program to investigate substitution and complementarity relationships between subsidized and non-subsidized labor demand. We apply an instrumental variables approach and use administrative data on German establishments for the period 1999-2014. Particularly in small establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment relationships just in small establishments. This represents an unintended and harmful consequence of the Minijob subsidy.
- Language
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Englisch
- Bibliographic citation
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Series: IZA Discussion Papers ; No. 13037
- Classification
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Wirtschaft
Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Labor Demand
Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
- Subject
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wage subsidy
Minijob
labor demand
substitution effect
crowding out effect
displacement effect
employment
payroll tax
- Event
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Geistige Schöpfung
- (who)
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Collischon, Matthias
Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
Riphahn, Regina T.
- Event
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Veröffentlichung
- (who)
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Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
- (where)
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Bonn
- (when)
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2020
- Handle
- Last update
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10.03.2025, 11:42 AM CET
Data provider
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Object type
- Arbeitspapier
Associated
- Collischon, Matthias
- Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
- Riphahn, Regina T.
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
Time of origin
- 2020