Arbeitspapier

Employment Effects of Payroll Tax Subsidies

This paper exploits several reforms of wage subsidies in the framework of the German Minijob program to investigate substitution and complementarity relationships between subsidized and non-subsidized labor demand. We apply an instrumental variables approach and use administrative data on German establishments for the period 1999-2014. Particularly in small establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment relationships just in small establishments. This represents an unintended and harmful consequence of the Minijob subsidy.

Language
Englisch

Bibliographic citation
Series: IZA Discussion Papers ; No. 13037

Classification
Wirtschaft
Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Labor Demand
Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
Subject
wage subsidy
Minijob
labor demand
substitution effect
crowding out effect
displacement effect
employment
payroll tax

Event
Geistige Schöpfung
(who)
Collischon, Matthias
Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
Riphahn, Regina T.
Event
Veröffentlichung
(who)
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
(where)
Bonn
(when)
2020

Handle
Last update
10.03.2025, 11:42 AM CET

Data provider

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Object type

  • Arbeitspapier

Associated

  • Collischon, Matthias
  • Cygan-Rehm, Kamila
  • Riphahn, Regina T.
  • Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Time of origin

  • 2020

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