Revisiting the Cognitive Model of Depression: The Role of Expectations

Abstract: Background: The cognitive model of depression was highly stimulating for a better understanding and development of treatment for depression. However, the concept of “cognition” is rather broad and unspecific, and we suggest to focus on the cognitive subset of expectation. Method: We conducted a narrative review on the role of expectations, and present an expectation-focused model of explaining why depression tends to persist despite the occurrence of positive events. Results: Several results from basic neuroscience to effects in clinical interventions indicate that expectations play a special role not only for the understanding of the development of mental disorders and the effects of treatment approaches, but especially for an improved understanding of the persistence of mental disorders. If expectations are a major mechanism of depression, the treatment of depression must maximize the violation of dysfunctional expectations. We also introduce the concept of immunization that desc.... https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2373

Object Details

• Location: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
• Extent: Online-Ressource
• Language: Englisch

References and Relationships

• Bibliographic citation: Revisiting the Cognitive Model of Depression: The Role of Expectations ; volume:1 ; number:1 ; day:29 ; month:03 ; year:2019 ; Clinical psychology in Europe ; 1, Heft 1 (29.03.2019)

Contributors, Places and Time

• Creator: Winfried Rief ; Jutta Joormann

Further information

• DOI: 10.32872/cpe.v1i1.32605
• URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020101416005790422455
• Rights: Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
• Last update: 14.08.2025, 10:53 AM CEST