Artikel
Trade Liberalization, IMF Conditionality, and Policy Substitution in Developing Countries
Substantial tariff reductions and increased usage of non-tariff measures (NTMs) have been key dynamics of global trade policy in recent decades. We use highly disaggregated data on applied most favored nation tariffs, NTMs, and trade to investigate how International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality as a form of external pressure to reduce tariffs contributed to this dynamic in developing countries. Our results show that structural adjustment programs (SAPs) effectively lowered tariffs without increasing the usage of NTMs. A typical three-year program containing tariff conditionality decreased tariff rates in the range of 2.0 to 3.8 percentage points in total. Furthermore, IMF programs reduced NTM initializations significantly. We also show that tariff conditionality was more effective in initiating tariff cuts for countries without previous greater globalization efforts than being a “catalyst” for ongoing liberalization efforts.
- Language
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Englisch
- Bibliographic citation
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Journal: Kyklos ; ISSN: 1467-6435 ; Volume: 77 ; Year: 2023 ; Issue: 2 ; Pages: 256-284 ; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
- Classification
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Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
- Event
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Geistige Schöpfung
- (who)
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Busse, Matthias
Vogel, Tim
- Event
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Veröffentlichung
- (who)
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Wiley
- (where)
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Hoboken, NJ
- (when)
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2023
- DOI
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doi:10.1111/kykl.12366
- Last update
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10.03.2025, 11:42 AM CET
Data provider
ZBW - Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft. If you have any questions about the object, please contact the data provider.
Object type
- Artikel
Associated
- Busse, Matthias
- Vogel, Tim
- Wiley
Time of origin
- 2023
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