Deep inferior epigastric perforators topography for “Island transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap” in breast reconstruction
Introduction: The Island transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is well vascularized with very reliable blood flow, because all perforators of the Zone Ⅰ are included when it is harvested. The number of perforators, topographic mapping, and their relationship with reconstructed outcomes were investigated. Method: 50 patients with Island TRAM breast reconstruction from September 2021 to August 2022 were investigated. The Zone Ⅰ was divided into a total of eight sections. Under the loupe magnification, all perforators larger than 0.5 mm in Zone Ⅰ were counted with fine dissection, and photographs were taken in background of vessel loops. Complications like flap necrosis, seroma, and hematoma were also investigated. Result: There are 12 ideal perforators on average in Zone Ⅰ such as one perforator in section I, II, IV, V, VI, VIII, and three perforators in Section III and VII. However, two perforators (M6 and L6) below arcuate line were sacrificed in the time of flap harvest to prevent hernia. Island TRAM included 10 perforators on average (5 perforators in each side) above arcuate line to be transferred to the recipient site. Only minor complications were identified. Conclusion: The Island TRAM flap includes 10 perforators in order to get the vigorous blood flow. The periumbilical to upper medial perforators become more dominant in the perfusion of the flap after deep inferior epigastric artery division. Well preserved perforators will guarantee the satisfactory breast reconstruction with the least complication.
- Location
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Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
- Extent
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Online-Ressource
- Language
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Englisch
- Bibliographic citation
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Deep inferior epigastric perforators topography for “Island transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap” in breast reconstruction ; day:15 ; month:05 ; year:2023
Archives of Plastic Surgery ; (15.05.2023)
- Contributor
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Kim, TaeHyun
Jeong, SeongHeum
Ahn, HeeChang
- DOI
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10.1055/a-2093-8323
- URN
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urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023062912433125743427
- Rights
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Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
- Last update
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14.08.2025, 10:46 AM CEST
Data provider
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. If you have any questions about the object, please contact the data provider.
Associated
- Kim, TaeHyun
- Jeong, SeongHeum
- Ahn, HeeChang
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