N‐terminal modifications of cellular proteins: The enzymes involved, their substrate specificities and biological effects
The vast majority of eukaryotic proteins are N‐terminally modified by one or more processing enzymes. Enzymes acting on the very first amino acid of a polypeptide include different peptidases, transferases, and ligases. Methionine aminopeptidases excise the initiator methionine leaving the nascent polypeptide with a newly exposed amino acid that may be further modified. N‐terminal acetyl‐, methyl‐, myristoyl‐, and palmitoyltransferases may attach an acetyl, methyl, myristoyl, or palmitoyl group, respectively, to the α‐amino group of the target protein N‐terminus. With the action of ubiquitin ligases, one or several ubiquitin molecules are transferred, and hence, constitute the N‐terminal modification. Modifications at protein N‐termini represent an important contribution to proteomic diversity and complexity, and are essential for protein regulation and cellular signaling. Consequently, dysregulation of the N‐terminal modifying enzymes is implicated in human diseases. We here review the different protein N‐terminal modifications occurring co‐ or post‐translationally with emphasis on the responsible enzymes and their substrate specificities.
- Standort
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Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
- Umfang
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Online-Ressource
- Sprache
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Englisch
- Erschienen in
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N‐terminal modifications of cellular proteins: The enzymes involved, their substrate specificities and biological effects ; volume:15 ; number:14 ; year:2015 ; pages:2385-2401 ; extent:17
Proteomics ; 15, Heft 14 (2015), 2385-2401 (gesamt 17)
- Urheber
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Varland, Sylvia
Osberg, Camilla
Arnesen, Thomas
- DOI
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10.1002/pmic.201400619
- URN
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urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022112407311473434778
- Rechteinformation
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Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
- Letzte Aktualisierung
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15.08.2025, 07:21 MESZ
Datenpartner
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. Bei Fragen zum Objekt wenden Sie sich bitte an den Datenpartner.
Beteiligte
- Varland, Sylvia
- Osberg, Camilla
- Arnesen, Thomas
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