Review on adherence of the literature to official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization and standardization

Abstract: Albuminuria standardization is a key issue to produce reliable and equivalent results between laboratories. We investigated whether official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization are followed in the literature. The PubMed database was searched from June 1 to September 26, 2021. The search terms included urine albumin, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), and albuminuria. A total of 159 articles were considered eligible; 50.9 % reported the type of urine collection. Specifically, 58.1 % collected a random spot urine specimen, 21 % collected a first morning void, and 6.2 % collected a 24-h specimen. Overall, 15 % of articles reported data on sample shipping, storage, and centrifugation and 13.3 % mentioned the preanalytical phase without any data on albuminuria. The method for albuminuria was properly described in 31.4 % of articles; of these, 54.9 % used immunological methods, and 8.9 % contained errors or missing data. Most articles (76.7 %) expressed test results as albuminuria-to-creatininuria ratio. Different decision levels were utilized in 130 articles; of these, 36 % used a decision level of ≤30 mg/g creatininuria and 23.7 % used three decision levels (≤30, 30–300, and ≥300 mg/g). The failure to follow guidelines on albuminuria harmonization was mainly found in the preanalytical phase. The poor awareness of the importance of preanalytical steps on test result may be a possible explanation.

Object Details

• Location: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
• Extent: Online-Ressource
• Language: Englisch

References and Relationships

• Bibliographic citation: Review on adherence of the literature to official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization and standardization ; volume:61 ; number:12 ; year:2023 ; pages:2076-2083 ; extent:08 ; Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine ; 61, Heft 12 (2023), 2076-2083 (gesamt 08)

Contributors, Places and Time

• Creator: Mussap, Michele ; Sortino, Morena ; Monteverde, Elena ; Tomaiuolo, Rossella ; Banfi, Giuseppe ; Locatelli, Massimo ; Carobene, Anna

Further information

• DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0408
• URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023102616070353830817
• Rights: Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
• Last update: 14.08.2025, 10:56 AM CEST