Initial correlations in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics

Abstract: Quantum thermodynamics is a relatively young scientific field that tries to extend the phenomenological theory of thermodynamics to the quantum regime. Many dynamical approaches are based on the theory of open quantum systems and assume factorizing initial conditions. In this work we relax this requirement and study an open system which is initially correlated with a thermal environment. For a predetermined environmental state and correlation operator the reduced evolution can be described by affine equations of motion. We prove that these maps can be linearized uniquely from the set of trace-one operators to the set of all bounded operators. Hence, we introduce a linearized dynamical map which acts identical to the affine map on the set of physical system states. Likewise, we obtain a linear time-local master equation with a generalized Lindblad form involving an time-dependent effective Hamiltonian and a time-dependent dissipator with possibly negative coefficients. By applying a principle of minimal dissipation, we prove that the effective Hamiltonian is identical to its uncorrelated version. Then, we generalize the formalism of Colla and Breuer [1] for exact non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We identify the effective Hamiltonian with the internal energy observable and define a first law of thermodynamics. Here, the effects of the initial correlations appear as additional terms in the work, heat and internal energy rates. Similarly, we generalize the entropy production rate. As the expression is non-linear in the system state, the influence of the initial correlations is harder to analyze. Also meaningful conditions for positive entropy production rates, i.e. the second law, have still to be found for correlated initial states. To illustrate our results, we finally consider the application to the Jaynes-Cummings model, where we explicitly compare the thermodynamic quantities for the correlated and uncorrelated cases.


[1] A. Colla and H.-P. Breuer, Phys Rev A 105, 052216 (2022)

Object Details

• Location: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
• Extent: Online-Ressource
• Language: Englisch
• Notes: Universität Freiburg, Masterarbeit, 2022

Classification and Topics

• Keyword: Quantenthermodynamik ; Dissipatives Quantensystem

Contributors, Places and Time

• Event: Veröffentlichung
• (where): Freiburg
• (who): Universität
• (when): 2022
• Creator: Neubrand, Niklas Felix
• Contributor: Breuer, Heinz-Peter ; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Physikalisches Institut

Further information

• DOI: 10.6094/UNIFR/231431
• URN: urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-2314310
• Rights: Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
• Last update: 15.08.2025, 7:22 AM CEST