Rationale for timely insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes within the framework of individualised treatment: 2020 update
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and variable degrees of insulin deficiency and resistance. Hyperglycaemia and elevated fatty acids exert harmful effects on β-cell function, regeneration and apoptosis (gluco-lipotoxicity). Furthermore, chronic hyperglycaemia triggers a vicious cycle of insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and a cascade of pro-atherogenic processes. Thus, timely near to normal glucose control is of utmost importance in the management of type 2 diabetes and prevention of micro- and macroangiopathy. The majority of patients are multimorbid and obese, with critical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Recently published guidelines therefore recommend patient-centred risk/benefit-balanced use of oral glucose-lowering drugs or a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, or switching to insulin with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) out of target. This article covers the indications of early insulin treatment to prevent diabetes-related complications, particularly in subgroups with severe insulin deficit, and to achieve recovery of residual β-cell function. Furthermore, the individualised, risk/benefit-balanced, timely initiation of insulin as second and third option is analysed. Timely insulin initiation may prevent diabetes progression, reduce diabetes-related complications and has less serious adverse effects. Basal insulin is the preferred option in most clinical situations with consequences of undertreatment of chronic hyperglycaemia
- Location
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Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
- Extent
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Online-Ressource
- Language
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Englisch
- Notes
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Diabetes therapy. - 11, 8 (2020) , 1645-1666, ISSN: 1869-6961
- Keyword
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Individualisierte Medizin
Erwarteter Nutzen
Muskelatrophie
Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Hypoglykämie
- Event
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Veröffentlichung
- (where)
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Freiburg
- (who)
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Universität
- (when)
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2020
- Creator
- DOI
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10.1007/s13300-020-00855-5
- URN
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urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-1667306
- Rights
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Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
- Last update
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14.08.2025, 10:48 AM CEST
Data provider
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. If you have any questions about the object, please contact the data provider.
Associated
- Hanefeld, Markolf
- Fleischmann, Holger
- Siegmund, Thorsten
- Seufert, Jochen
- Universität
Time of origin
- 2020