HESS Opinions: The sword of Damocles of the impossible flood

Abstract Extremely large floods that far exceed previously observed records are often considered virtually “impossible”, yet they are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. Neglecting such floods may lead to emergency situations where society is unprepared and to disastrous consequences. Four reasons why extremely large floods are often considered next to impossible are explored here, including physical (e.g. climate change), psychological, socio-economic and combined reasons. It is argued that the risk associated with an “impossible” flood may often be larger than expected and that a bottom-up approach should be adopted that starts from the people affected and explores possibilities of risk management, giving high priority to social in addition to economic risks. Suggestions are given for managing this risk of a flood considered impossible by addressing the diverse causes of the presumed impossibility.

Object Details

• Location: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
• Extent: Online-Ressource
• Language: Englisch

References and Relationships

• Bibliographic citation: HESS Opinions: The sword of Damocles of the impossible flood ; volume:28 ; number:12 ; year:2024 ; pages:2603-2615 ; extent:13 ; Hydrology and earth system sciences ; 28, Heft 12 (2024), 2603-2615 (gesamt 13)

Contributors, Places and Time

• Creator: Montanari, Alberto ; Merz, Bruno ; Blöschl, Günter

Further information

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-28-2603-2024
• URN: urn:nbn:de:101:1-2408051436399.485658062097
• Rights: Open Access; Der Zugriff auf das Objekt ist unbeschränkt möglich.
• Last update: 14.08.2025, 10:54 AM CEST