The tail that wagged the dog: What explains the persistent employment effect of the 10-day PPP funding delay?

Arbeitspapier

This study explores the mechanisms explaining the large, persistent effect of the 10-day funding delay in the 2020 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) on employment recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic, as estimated by Doniger and Kay (2021). We find that the top 1 percent of urban counties by population fully account for the significant effect of the delay on county-level employment. The strong correlation between worse loan delay and slower employment growth in these counties is due to a factor commonly omitted from analyses: The nature of business and the high rate of human interactions in major urban centers render these areas exceptionally and persistently vulnerable to infectious diseases. Moreover, we find that receiving more PPP funding and more transfers from other pandemic-related assistance programs contributed significantly more to local economic recovery compared with receiving PPP funds earlier.

Object Details

• Language: Englisch

References and Relationships

• Bibliographic citation: Series: Working Papers ; No. 23-6

Classification and Topics

• Classification: Wirtschaft ; Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts ; Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation ; Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure ; Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
• Subject: COVID-19 ; Paycheck Protection Program ; small business credit ; remote work ; employment

Contributors, Places and Time

• Event: Geistige Schöpfung
• (who): Gorbachev, Olga ; Luengo-Prado, Maria José ; Wang, J. Christina
• Event: Veröffentlichung
• (who): Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
• (where): Boston, MA
• (when): 2023

Further information

• DOI: doi:10.29412/res.wp.2023.06
• Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/280849
• Last update: 10.03.2025, 11:41 AM CET