Unilateral environmental policy and offshoring

Arbeitspapier

Expanding on a general equilibrium model of offshoring, we analyze the effects of a unilateral emissions tax increase on the environment, income, and inequality. Heterogeneous firms allocate labor across production tasks and emissions abatement, while only the most productive can benefit from lower labor and/or emissions costs abroad and offshore. We find a non-monotonic effect on global emissions, which decline if the initial difference in emissions taxes is small. For a sufficiently large difference, global emissions rise, implying emissions leakage of more than 100%. The underlying driver is a global technique effect: While the emissions intensity of incumbent non-offshoring firms declines, the cleanest firms start offshoring. Moreover, offshoring firms become dirtier, induced by a reduction in the foreign effective emissions tax in general equilibrium. Implementing a BCA prevents emissions leakage, reduces income inequality in the reforming country, but raises inequality across countries.

Object Details

• Language: Englisch

References and Relationships

• Bibliographic citation: Series: Würzburg Economic Papers ; No. 110

Classification and Topics

• Classification: Wirtschaft ; Trade and Environment ; Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation ; Economic Integration ; Environmental Economics: Government Policy
• Subject: Offshoring ; Emissions leakage ; Environmental policy ; BCA ; Heterogeneous firms ; Income inequality

Contributors, Places and Time

• Event: Geistige Schöpfung
• (who): Bolz, Simon J. ; Naumann, Fabrice ; Richter, Philipp M.
• Event: Veröffentlichung
• (who): University of Würzburg, Department of Economics
• (where): Würzburg
• (when): 2024

Further information

• DOI: doi:10.25972/OPUS-35903
• URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359033
• Last update: 10.03.2025, 11:41 AM CET