Artikel

100 years of the modern German tax system: Foundation, reforms, and challenges

The tax and fiscal reforms headed by German finance minister Matthias Erzberger in 1919 and 1920 fundamentally reshaped German public finances. The total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, or tax-to-GDP ratio, doubled and increased continually until the end of World War II. Since the 1950s, the tax-to-GDP ratio has remained between 22 and 24 percent of GDP most of the time. West Germany's economic recovery and the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle) following World War II began with the implementation of high income and corporate tax rates and wealth taxes, which were later decreased gradually. During this time, the welfare state was expanded and social security contributions increased markedly. Beginning in the mid-1970s, weak growth and fiscal consolidation dominated tax and fiscal policies. In the 1980s, tax policies were characterized by supply-side economics, and since the 1990s, by a (neo-)liberal reform agenda. Recently, the issue of distribution has come back into focus. Due to new challenges such as globalization, digitalization, social changes, immigration, maintaining infrastructure, and climate change, a substantial decrease in the tax burden is not expected.

Language
Englisch

Bibliographic citation
Journal: DIW Weekly Report ; ISSN: 2568-7697 ; Volume: 9 ; Year: 2019 ; Issue: 46/48 ; Pages: 407-413 ; Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)

Classification
Wirtschaft
Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913-
Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
Subject
history of taxation
tax system
tax reform

Event
Geistige Schöpfung
(who)
Bach, Stefan
Event
Veröffentlichung
(who)
Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
(where)
Berlin
(when)
2019

DOI
doi:10.18723/diw_dwr:2019-46-1
Handle
Last update
10.03.2025, 11:43 AM CET

Data provider

This object is provided by:
ZBW - Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft. If you have any questions about the object, please contact the data provider.

Object type

  • Artikel

Associated

  • Bach, Stefan
  • Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)

Time of origin

  • 2019

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