Arbeitspapier
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
We estimate female and male workers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce commuting distance in Germany, using a partial-equilibrium model of job search with non-wage job attributes. Commuting costs have implications not just for congestion policy, spatial planning and transport infrastructure provision, but are also relevant to our understanding of gender differences in labour market biographies. For estimation, we use a stratified partial likelihood model on a large administrative dataset for West Germany to flexibly account for both unobserved individual heterogeneity and changes dependent on wages and children. We find that an average female childless worker is willing to give up daily €0.27 per kilometre (0.4% of the daily wage) to reduce commuting distance at the margin. The average men's marginal willingness to pay is similar to childless women's over a large range of wages. However, women's marginal willingness to pay more than doubles after the birth of a child contributing substantially to the motherhood wage gap. A married mixed-sex couple's sample indicates that husbands try to avoid commuting shorter distances than their wives.
- Sprache
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Englisch
- Erschienen in
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Series: IZA Discussion Papers ; No. 16890
- Klassifikation
-
Wirtschaft
Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
- Thema
-
commuting
marginal willingness to pay for job attributes
on-the-job search
Cox relative risk model
partial likelihood estimation
gender and parenthood in job search models
heterogeneity in job mobility
gender wage gap
- Ereignis
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Geistige Schöpfung
- (wer)
-
Bergemann, Annette
Brunow, Stephan
Stockton, Isabel
- Ereignis
-
Veröffentlichung
- (wer)
-
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
- (wo)
-
Bonn
- (wann)
-
2024
- Letzte Aktualisierung
-
10.03.2025, 11:42 MEZ
Datenpartner
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Objekttyp
- Arbeitspapier
Beteiligte
- Bergemann, Annette
- Brunow, Stephan
- Stockton, Isabel
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
Entstanden
- 2024
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