Artikel
Estimating inequality of opportunities in Punjab (Pakistan): A non-parametric approach
This paper attempts to estimate inequality of opportunities in Punjab, Pakistan by using non-parametric approach. Household level data of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 has been analyzed for this purpose. Household head's income has been taken as an outcome. Three parental characteristics of household head have been used as circumstances. These characteristics include region of residence (rural/urban), wealth status and education level of household head's father. Equalization of circumstances has been done by dividing our sample into different groups on the basis of above mentioned circumstances. Then within-group and among-groups inequality of income has been calculated. Within-group inequality has been attributed to the differences in the efforts of household heads. Among-group inequality has been attributed to the difference of circumstances and has been termed as inequality of opportunities. Our results indicate that up to 28% variation in income is due to the differences of circumstances. Among different circumstances, father's education has the most significant contribution in explaining the variation of income of household heads. The study highlights the significance and need of compensatory government policies to cope with the problem of inequality of opportunities in Punjab (Pakistan). Provision of equal access to educational opportunities for all segments of the society is recommended as an important public policy measure to mitigate inequality of opportunities.
- Language
-
Englisch
- Bibliographic citation
-
Journal: Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS) ; ISSN: 2309-8619 ; Volume: 12 ; Year: 2018 ; Issue: 1 ; Pages: 136-152 ; Lahore: Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK)
- Classification
-
Wirtschaft
- Subject
-
Income inequality
inequality of opportunities
socioeconomic background
inter-generational mobility
inequality of efforts
inequality of circumstances
- Event
-
Geistige Schöpfung
- (who)
-
Pervaiz, Zahid
Akram, Shahla
- Event
-
Veröffentlichung
- (who)
-
Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK)
- (where)
-
Lahore
- (when)
-
2018
- Handle
- Last update
-
10.03.2025, 11:44 AM CET
Data provider
ZBW - Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft. If you have any questions about the object, please contact the data provider.
Object type
- Artikel
Associated
- Pervaiz, Zahid
- Akram, Shahla
- Johar Education Society, Pakistan (JESPK)
Time of origin
- 2018
Other Objects (12)
Non-parametric adjustment for covariates when estimating a treatment effect
Confidence regions, non-parametric regression
On non-parametric fatigue optimization
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
Parametric versus Nonparametric Goodness of Fit
Confidence sets and non-parametric regression
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
A Comparison of Parametric, Semi-nonparametric, Adaptive, and Nonparametric Cointegration Tests
Semi- and non-parametric flood frequency analysis
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods
Efficiency Analysis of German Electricity Distribution Utilities - Non-Parametric and Parametric Tests
Non-parametric adjustment for covariates when estimating a treatment effect
Confidence regions, non-parametric regression
On non-parametric fatigue optimization
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
Parametric versus Nonparametric Goodness of Fit
Confidence sets and non-parametric regression
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
A Comparison of Parametric, Semi-nonparametric, Adaptive, and Nonparametric Cointegration Tests
Semi- and non-parametric flood frequency analysis
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods
Efficiency Analysis of German Electricity Distribution Utilities - Non-Parametric and Parametric Tests
Non-parametric adjustment for covariates when estimating a treatment effect
Confidence regions, non-parametric regression
On non-parametric fatigue optimization
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
Parametric versus Nonparametric Goodness of Fit
Confidence sets and non-parametric regression
Homothetic Efficiency. A Non-Parametric Approach
A Comparison of Parametric, Semi-nonparametric, Adaptive, and Nonparametric Cointegration Tests
Semi- and non-parametric flood frequency analysis
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods
Nonlinear time series : nonparametric and parametric methods