Arbeitspapier
The Morbidity Costs of Air Pollution through the Lens of Health Spending in China
This study is one of the first investigating the causal evidence of the morbidity costs of fine particulates (PM2.5) for all age cohorts in a developing country, using individual-level health spending data from a basic medical insurance program in Wuhan, China. Our instrumental variable (IV) approach uses thermal inversion to address potential endogeneity in PM2.5 concentrations and shows that PM2.5 imposes a significant impact on healthcare expenditures. The 2SLS estimates suggest that a 10 μg/m3 reduction in monthly average PM2.5 leads to a 2.36% decrease in the value of health spending and a 0.79% decline in the number of transactions in pharmacies and healthcare facilities. Also, this effect, largely driven by the increased spending in pharmacies, is more salient for males and children, as well as middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, our estimates may provide a lower bound to individuals' willingness to pay, amounting to CNY 43.87 (or USD 7.09) per capita per year for a 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5.
- Sprache
-
Englisch
- Erschienen in
-
Series: GLO Discussion Paper ; No. 1217
- Klassifikation
-
Wirtschaft
Valuation of Environmental Effects
Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
Analysis of Health Care Markets
General Welfare; Well-Being
- Thema
-
air quality
health spending
willingness to pay
China
- Ereignis
-
Geistige Schöpfung
- (wer)
-
Zhang, Xin
Zhang, Xun
Liu, Yuehua
Zhao, Xintong
Chen, Xi
- Ereignis
-
Veröffentlichung
- (wer)
-
Global Labor Organization (GLO)
- (wo)
-
Essen
- (wann)
-
2023
- Handle
- Letzte Aktualisierung
-
10.03.2025, 11:43 MEZ
Datenpartner
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Objekttyp
- Arbeitspapier
Beteiligte
- Zhang, Xin
- Zhang, Xun
- Liu, Yuehua
- Zhao, Xintong
- Chen, Xi
- Global Labor Organization (GLO)
Entstanden
- 2023
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